Resources for Exercise 1:

• Archaeology Data Service. 2021. Guidelines for Depositors: Downloads (Vers 4.1). URL: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/advice/Downloads.xhtml.
• Brodu, N. and Lague, D. 2012. 3D Terrestrial lidar data classification of complex natural scenes using a multi-scale dimensionality criterion: applications in geomorphology. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 68 (March 2012): 121-134.
• Boardman, C. 2018. 3D Laser Scanning for Heritage: Advice and Guidance on the Use of Laser Scanning in Archaeology and Architecture. Swindon. Historic England.
• Denard, H. 2009. The London Charter for the Computer-Based Visualisation of Cultural Heritage, draft 2.1. http://www.londoncharter.org.
• George Drettakis, Maria Roussou, Alex Reche, Nicolas Tsingos. 2007. Design and Evaluation of a Real-World Virtual Environment for Architecture and Urban Planning. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 16(3): 1-21.
• Forte, M. 2014. Virtual Reality, Cyberarchaeology, Teleimmersive Archaeology. In (eds) Remondino, F. and Campana, S. 3D Recording and Modelling in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Theory and best practices. Oxford: Archaeopress. Pages 113-127.
• Jeffrey, S. 2015. Challenging Heritage Visualisation: Beauty, Aura and Democratisation. Open Archaeology, 1(1): 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2015-0008.
• Pujol Tost, L. 2008. Does Virtual Archaeology Exist? In: Posluschny, A., K. Lambers and I. Herzog (eds.) Layers of Perception. Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Berlin, Germany, April 2–6, 2007 (Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Vol. 10). Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn, pp. 101-107.
• Lanjouw, T. 2016. Discussing the obvious or defending the contested: why are we still discussing the ‘scientific value’ of 3D applications in archaeology? In: (eds) Kamermans, H., de Neef, W., Piccoli, C., Posluschny, A., and Scopigno, R. The Three Dimensions of Archaeology: Proceedings of the XVII UISPP World Congress (1–7 September 2014, Burgos, Spain). Oxford: Archaeopress. Pages 1-12.
• Watterson, A. 2015. Beyond Digital Dwelling: Re-thinking Interpretive Visualisation in Archaeology. Open Archaeology, 1(1): 119-130. https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2015-0006.
• Wilhelmson, H. and Dell’Unto, N. 2015. Virtual Taphonomy: A New Method Integrating Excavation and Postprocessing in an Archaeological Context. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 157: 305–321.
• Worsham, R., Lindblom, M., and Zikidi, C. 2018. Preliminary report of the Malthi Archaeological Project, 2015–2016. Opuscula, 11: 7-28.

Further Reading

• Adkins, L. and Adkins, R. 2009. Archaeological Illustration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Second Edition.
• Huvila, I. 2021. Monstrous hybridity of social information technologies: Through the lens of photorealism and non-photorealism in archaeological visualization, The Information Society, 37 (1): 46-59, DOI: 10.1080/01972243.2020.1830211.
  • CAPTURE - https://www.abm.uu.se/research/Ongoing+Research+Projects/capture
• Frankland, T. 2012. A CG Artist’s Impression: Depicting Virtual Reconstruction Using Non-photorealistic Rendering techniques. In (eds) Chrysanthi, A., Murrieta Flores, P., and Papadopoulos, C. Thinking Beyond the Tool: Archaeological computing in the interpretive process. Oxford: Archaeopress. Pages 24-39.
• Gooding, D. 2008. Envisioning Explanation: The Art in Science. Eds: Frischer, B., & Dakouri-Hild, A. Beyond illustration: 2d and 3d digital technologies as tools for discovery in archaeology. Oxford: Archaeopress. Pages 1-20. Retrieved from https://hdl-handle-net.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/2027/heb.90045.
• Gutierrez, D., Sundstedt, V., Gomez, F., Chalmers, A. 2007. Dust and light: predictive virtual archaeology, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 8 (2): 209-214. ISSN 1296-2074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2006.12.003.
• Jones, M. 2012. Hypothesizing Southampton in 1454: A Three-dimensional Model of the Medieval Town. In: (eds) Bentkowska-Kafel, A., Denard, H., and Baker, D. Paradata and Transparency in Virtual Heritage. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
• Kastanis, L. 2019. Authenticity in Digital Archaeological Reconstructions: A Workflow Pipeline and Data Classification System to Inform and Validate the Digital Reocnstruction Process. Unpublished thesis. Queensland University of Technology. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132652/.
  • Blog/Diary of paradata: https://lazphdlog.tumblr.com/post/97204874734/rebuilding-the-rose-theatre-experiences-assumptions
• Papadopoulos, C. and Schreibman, S. 2019. Towards 3D Scholarly Editions: The Battle of Mount Street Bridge. Digital Humanities Quarterly. 13(1): 31-57. http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/13/1/index.html.
• Ross, D. 2017. The Role of Ethics, Culture, and Artistry. Scientific Illustration, Technical Communication Quarterly, 26(2): 145-172. DOI: 10.1080/10572252.2017.1287376
• Stutz, D. 2018. A Formal Definition of Watertight Meshes. Blog. URL: https://davidstutz.de/a-formal-definition-of-watertight-meshes/
• Sullivan, E., Nieves, A. D., and Synder, L. M. 2017. Making the Model: Scholarship and Rhetoric in 3-D Historical Reconstructions. In (ed) Sayers, J. Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Accessed from: https://dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/untitled-aa1769f2-6c55-485a-81af-ea82cce86966/section/d441edf8-4e56-4721-a3f4-0a9a1674c15f#ch35 (#ch35).
• Valmin, M. N. 1938. The Swedish Messenia expedition. Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup.
• Watterson, A., Baxter, K., and Anderson, J. 2020. Designing Digital Engagements: Approaches to creative practice and adaptable programming for archaeological visualisation. Electronic Visualisation & the Arts Conference. Online Conference. London. 16-18th Nov 2020. https://vimeo.com/436695991.
• Watterson, A. 2012. The Value and Application of Creative Media to the Process of Archaeological Reconstruction and Interpretation. In (eds) Chrysanthi, A., Murrieta Flores, P., and Papadopoulos, C. Thinking Beyond the Tool: Archaeological computing in the interpretive process. Oxford: Archaeopress. Pages 14-23.

Resources for Exercise 2:

• Clegg, Dai; Barker, Richard (1994). Case Method Fast-Track: A RAD Approach. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-62432-8.
• Frankland, T. 2012. A CG Artist’s Impression: Depicting Virtual Reconstruction Using Non-photorealistic Rendering techniques. In (eds) Chrysanthi, A., Murrieta Flores, P., and Papadopoulos, C. Thinking Beyond the Tool: Archaeological computing in the interpretive process. Oxford: Archaeopress. Pages 24-39.
• Lindblom, M., and R. Worsham. Forthcoming. “Visualizing the Past: A 3D Reconstruction of Early Mycenaean Malthi in Messenia.” In Power and Place in the Prehistoric Aegean and Beyond, edited by S. Allen, M. Lee, R. Schon, and R. A. K. Smith, INSTAP Academic Press.
• Kastanis, L. 2019. Authenticity in Digital Archaeological Reconstructions: A Workflow Pipeline and Data Classification System to Inform and Validate the Digital Reocnstruction Process. Unpublished thesis. Queensland University of Technology. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132652/.
  • Blog/Diary of paradata: https://lazphdlog.tumblr.com/post/97204874734/rebuilding-the-rose-theatre-experiences-assumptions
• Sullivan, E., Nieves, A. D., and Synder, L. M. 2017. Making the Model: Scholarship and Rhetoric in 3-D Historical Reconstructions. In (ed) Sayers, J. Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Accessed from: https://dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/untitled-aa1769f2-6c55-485a-81af-ea82cce86966/section/d441edf8-4e56-4721-a3f4-0a9a1674c15f#ch35.
• Worsham, R., Lindblom, M., and Zikidi, C. 2018. Preliminary report of the Malthi Archaeological Project, 2015–2016. Opuscula, 11: 7-28.
• Yang, R. 2017. How To Graybox/Blockout a 3D Video Game Level. Blog. URL: https://www.blog.radiator.debacle.us/2017/09/how-to-graybox-blockout-3d-video-game.html.

Resources for Exercise 3:

• Blender. “Common Shortcuts.” Blender 2.93 Reference Manual. Last updated 25 Aug 2021. https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/interface/keymap/introduction.html#common-shortcuts.
• Jayanam. 2020. “Blender Bake Normal Map Beginner Tutorial.” YouTube. Uploaded by Jayanam, 10 December 2020, https://youtu.be/DQPjIGncXcM.
• KatsBits. 2015. “Bake Normal Maps With Cycles.” Website. 9 May 2015, https://www.katsbits.com/tutorials/blender/cycles-bake-normal-maps.php.
• Lemos, C. 2020. “Tutorial: How Normal Maps Work & Baking Process”. 80.LV Article. 24 March 2020. https://80.lv/articles/tutorial-how-normal-maps-work-baking-process/.
• Middleton, J. 2020. “Photogrammetry Meshroom Clean up Mesh in Blender High-Poly to Low-Poly Normal Map Baking.” YouTube. Uploaded by J Middleton, 21 October 2020, https://youtu.be/MrUVeV0wsH8.
• Mister P. MeshLab Tutorials. 2011. “Cleaning: Basic Filters.” Youtube. Uploaded by Mister P. MeshLab Tutorials, 25 May 2011, https://youtu.be/aoDLrXp1sfY.

Resources for Exercise 4:

• Kormann, M., Katsarou, S., Katsonopoulou, D. and Lock, G. 2015. Structural Integrity Modelling of an Early Bronze Age Corridor House in Helike of Achaea, NW Peloponnese, Greece, CAA Proceedings- Siena 2015, 825-836. URL: http://www.helikeproject.gr/discoveries.htm
• Worsham, R., Lindblom, M., and Zikidi, C. 2018. Preliminary report of the Malthi Archaeological Project, 2015–2016. Opuscula, 11: 7-28.
• Lile, D. 2020. "Intro to Blender UV Mapping". YouTube. Uploaded by Darrin Lile, 19 May 2020, https://youtu.be/GTd8NBg8EZU
• The CG Essentials. 2020. "How to Model 7 Different Kinds of ROOFS in Blender - Architectural Modeling Tutorial". YouTube. Uploaded by The CG Essentials, 10 August 2020, https://youtu.be/Pcb-BBeGt8w.
• The Institute for the Visualization of History. 2012. http://www.vizin.org/projects/tsoungiza/gallery.html.

Resources for Exercise 5:

Reconstruction Output examples:

• Ed González-Tennant’s Rosewood Cemetery on Sketchfab: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/virtual-rosewood-cemetery-3cbb80a2442042818b2759281e9985e8
• Bob Marshall’s Portfolio of 2D Renders: https://www.artstation.com/artwork/48RWl2
• Cine’s Roundme of St Catherine’s Church and Graveyard Reconstruction, Co. Donegal Ireland: https://roundme.com/embed/553737/1812563
• Villa Livia Reloaded: http://www.v-must.net/villa-livia-reloaded
• Open Virtual Worlds:
  • Edinburgh 1544: https://www.smarthistory.co.uk/Edinburgh1544/16th_Century_Edinburgh.html?fbclid=IwAR0ZD_nbChSMqO0D6giTQB2JR6BA_gCMo0XghL8TnA_IUgXZ9-RIfsAxXmQ
  • Moredun Top Hillfort, 50 AD: https://roundme.com/tour/155618/view/393262/

Applications to Disseminate Reconstructed Outputs

• 3DHOP: https://www.3dhop.net/index.php Marco Potenziani, Marco Callieri, Matteo Dellepiane, Massimiliano Corsini, Federico Ponchio, and Roberto Scopigno. 2015. 3DHOP. Computers and Graphics. 52, C (November 2015), 129–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2015.07.001
• A-frame: https://aframe.io/
• Europeana Pro: https://pro.europeana.eu/project/v4design - Share3D: https://pro.europeana.eu/project/share3d
• CineG: https://cineg.org/toolkits/3d-exhibits/
• Godot Engine: https://godotengine.org/
• Sketchfab: https://help.sketchfab.com/hc/en-us/articles/211640363-VR-AR-Editor

Further Reading

Papadopoulos, C. and Schreibman, S. 2019. Towards 3D Scholarly Editions: The Battle of Mount Street Bridge. Digital Humanities Quarterly. 13(1): 31-57. http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/13/1/index.html.

Plaksin, Andrey: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/the-tomb-of-nefertari-3d-vr35-v0-73-90034cbe58904828a11429395cef9125

Watterson, A, Anderson, J & Baxter, K 2020, Designing Digital Engagements: Approaches to creative practice and adaptable programming for archaeological visualisation. In Proceedings of EVA London 2020. http://www.seriousanimation.com/hillforts/

Unity-specific Resources

• Object2Terrain Script download: https://www.mediafire.com/file/3oyvdjcjix2d3iu/Object2Terrain.cs/file

Unity User Manual 2020.3 (https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/index.html)

• First Person Controller: https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/essentials/starter-assets-first-person-character-controller-196525
• Importing from Blender: https://docs.unity3d.com/530/Documentation/Manual/HOWTO-ImportObjectBlender.html
• Mesh Collider: https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/class-MeshCollider.html
• Normal Maps: https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/StandardShaderMaterialParameterNormalMap.html
• Terrain Engine: https://docs.unity.cn/560/Documentation/Manual/script-Terrain.html
• WebGL: https://learn.unity.com/tutorial/how-to-publish-for-webgl

YouTube Videos Utilised:

• de Byl, Penny. 2018. “FBX Importing to Unity 2017/2018+ Where did my textures go?” Youtube. Uploaded by Holistic3d, 25 January 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOeodlLTx8g.
• Imphenzia. 2020. “LEARN UNITY - The Most BASIC TUTORIAL I’ll Ever Make”. YouTube. Uploaded by Imphenzia, 24 July 2020, https://youtu.be/pwZpJzpE2lQ.

Reflect Further: Archiving and Ethics

• Archaeology Data Service: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/about/ourWork.xhtml
  • Archival Strategy: https://guides.archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/g2gp/ArchivalStrat_1-0
  • Metadata: https://guides.archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/g2gp/CreateData_1-2
  • Templates: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/advice/Downloads.xhtml
• Europeana. 2021. https://pro.europeana.eu/.
  • Mission Statement: https://pro.europeana.eu/about-us/mission#brief-history
  • Process: https://pro.europeana.eu/share-your-data/process
  • Europeana Data Model: https://pro.europeana.eu/page/edm-documentation
• Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. 2021. http://dublincore.org/.
  • Metadata Basics: http://dublincore.org/resources/metadata-basics/#
• Jones, M. 2012. Hypothesizing Southampton in 1454: A Three-dimensional Model of the Medieval Town. In: (eds) Bentkowska-Kafel, A., Denard, H., and Baker, D. Paradata and Transparency in Virtual Heritage. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
• Lanjouw, T. 2016. Discussing the obvious or defending the contested: why are we still discussing the ‘scientific value’ of 3D applications in archaeology? In: (eds) Kamermans, H., de Neef, W., Piccoli, C., Posluschny, A., and Scopigno, R. The Three Dimensions of Archaeology: Proceedings of the XVII UISPP World Congress (1–7 September 2014, Burgos, Spain). Oxford: Archaeopress. Pages 1-12.
• Ross, D. 2017. The Role of Ethics, Culture, and Artistry. Scientific Illustration, Technical Communication Quarterly, 26(2): 145-172. DOI: 10.1080/10572252.2017.1287376
• Watterson, A. 2015. Beyond Digital Dwelling: Re-thinking Interpretive Visualisation in Archaeology. Open Archaeology, 1(1): 119-130. https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2015-0006.